Heart Treatments

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Heart Treatments offered at Best Reliable Hospital in India

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Heart Treatments offered at Best Hospital in India

Angioplasty
Why is a Angioplasty Done ?

Deposition of fatty substances in the coronary arteries (arteries supplying blood to the heart), develops a blockage. This condition is called as ‘coronary artery disease’ (CAD). This blockage creates a problem in the free flow of the blood to your heart muscle. This situation might lead to a heart attack. Angioplasty is a widely performed procedure that is used to treat heart problems caused by blocked or narrowed coronary arteries (blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle). This procedure is performed highly successfully by interventional cardiologists at heart hospitals in India. The coronary angioplasty, which normally takes between one to two hours, aims to remove or reduce blockages in the coronary arteries and restore blood flow to the heart muscle. The coronary angioplasty procedure is performed in a Cardiac Catheterisation Lab . All cardiac speciality hospitals in India as well as most of multi-speciality hospitals in India are equipped with Cath Labs

Procedure

Angioplasty procedure involves insertion of catheter in your groin and hence before the angioplasty procedure you would be given a mild sedative and some pain killers to ensure that you remain relaxed during the procedure. Your doctor will insert a catheter into an artery in your groin and gently manoeuvre it to the heart. This catheter has a balloon at the tip and once the catheter reaches the site of the blockage, the balloon on the end is inflated. This opens the blockage and restores the proper flow of the blood to the heart. Often the device which is called a stent is also placed at the site of blockage in order to keep the artery open.

A stent is a small, mesh like metallic device, which when placed at the site of blockage acts as a support to keep the artery open thus maintaining the blood flow. Two main varieties of stents are used. The first is a non medicated or bare stents and the second is medicated or drug eluting stents. Both the stents serve the function of supporting the open artery. The medicated stent in addition releases drug locally at the treated site to reduce the chances of recurrence of blockage at the same site.


Advanced Interventional Cardiology Procedures for Treatment of Heart Diseases

Balloon Angioplasty

Balloon angioplasty is a medical procedure that is performed to open up arteries that have been narrowed by plaque. Balloon angioplasty is a safe and commonly performed procedure, and is now considered standard PAD treatment. For many types of PAD, a balloon angioplasty procedure has replaced a standard surgical procedure as first line treatment. The principle of balloon angioplasty is to insert a small balloon into a narrowed section of an artery where the balloon is inflated, opening up the artery and improving blood flow. The illustration below demonstrates the inflation of an angioplasty balloon, which will lead to the widening of the artery.

Stents

Stenting is a minimally invasive procedure during which a stent and balloon are used together to push back plaque deposits inside of a coronary artery to treat heart disease. Stents have been used to treat coronary artery disease (CAD) for more than a decade. It is now common practice to insert a stent to hold a coronary artery open and to maintain blood flow after an angioplasty A coronary stent is a tiny, expandable mesh tube made of medical-grade stainless steel or cobalt alloy metal. Stents can aid in the reduction of recurrent blockage or narrowing after an angioplasty procedure. Once the stent is implanted, it will remain in your artery permanently.

Rotablation (Percutaneous Transluminal Rotational Atherectomy or PTRA)

Rotational atherectomy involves the excavation of plaque in a manner similar to that achieved by a dental drill, which can bore into enamel but leaves the pulp unharmed. Based on the theory of differential cutting, rotational atherectomy cuts inelastic atherosclerotic tissue inside coronary arteries and retains the integrity of the elastic artery wall. Rotary ablation attacks hard or calcified atherosclerotic plaque, which is not able to deflect, and produces microfissures at the zone of contact with the burr.

Drug-Eluting Stents

In addition to providing structural support to the coronary artery, some newer-generation stents also have a medicated coating to help prevent the vessel from renarrowing. Both bare metal and drug-eluting stents can effectively reopen coronary arteries.However, depending on individual patient characteristics, a doctor may use a drug-eluting stent (DES), which is much more effective at keeping the artery open over time.


Angioplasty vs. Bypass Surgery

It is not easy for a patient to make a choice between angioplasty and bypass surgery on his own, which happens due to various factors like the condition of the disease in an individual. The doctor also checks the symptoms of the patient along with his overall heart function and co-existing medical conditions.

In case the narrowing in the arteries is serious about reducing the blood flow in the heart of the patient then angioplasty is recommended. But if the patient has various blockages, bypass surgery is certainly better.

Cardiac Surgery
Cardiac Bypass Surgery in India

Popularly known as the Bypass Surgery, Cardiac bypass implanting a healthy or working blood vessel from any other part of the body to bypass the blocked vessel. The heart surgeons in India are highly experienced to perform a CABG or heart bypass surgery. India offers great value proposition to patients looking for affordable Heart surgery or Cardiac surgery abroad as not only the cost of cardiac bypass surgery in India is very low, the facilities and infrastructure is most modern and is counted among the best heart hospitals in the world. The blockages in the arteries grow with the deposition of fat. This process is called as Artherosclerosis. These blockages obstruct the free flow of the blood to the various parts of the heart leading to severe chest pain (known as angina) or a heart attack in the later stages.

Today Cardiology treatment in India has come up as a suitable option in order to get rid of any of the heart defects as the cost in India of any of the treatments is the best and that too at rates which are absolutely affordable. Because of these benefits of choosing in India, any of the treatments, many foreigners have come down here in order to solve their trouble of heart diseases.

Procedure

When repair is not an option, replacing your damaged heart valve may be the most effective treatment for your condition. Also known as Heart Valve Replacement, Aortic Valve Replacement, is a cardiac surgery procedure

Ring Annuloplasty

In this procedure the surgeon repairs the ring-like part around the valve by stitching a ring of metal, cloth, or tissue around the valve.

Valve repair

In this one or more leaflets of the valve is trimmed, shaped, or rebuild. The leaflets are the flaps that are responsible for opening and closing of the valve.

Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery

Pediatric cardiothoracic Surgery is a kind of heart surgery that is performed children for repairing heart defects which occur at the time of birth which are known as congenital heart diseases. Pediatric Cardiac Surgery is necessary for the well-being of the child.

This surgery is done to take care of various diseases in children such as Artrial Septal Defect (ASD), Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Total correction or Four Abnormality correction (TOF).


Procedures of Heart Surgery performed with Excellent Outcomes

  • CABG – Minimally Invasive Valve & Coronary Heart Bypass Techniques.
  • Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass (OPCAB)
  • Mitral & Aortic Valve repair & restoration surgery
  • Aortic dissection surgery
  • Transmyocardial laser revascularization
  • Congenital and Pediatric heart surgery
  • Heart failure surgery- Ventricular restoration and Ventricular assist Devices
  • Carotid endarterectomy
  • Peripheral vascular procedures
  • Atrial Fibrillation & Arrhythmia surgery

Robotic Heart Surgery in India

The most advanced technology for minimally invasive heart surgery is now available in India. Robotic da Vinci Surgical System combines superior 3D visualization along with greatly enhanced dexterity, precision and control in an intuitive, ergonomic interface with breakthrough surgical capabilities.In Robotic Cardiac Surgery, robotic assist the heart surgeon in performing surgery through tiny incisions. The surgeon has to sit in an operating room where he controls the instruments while looking at 3D images from the camera which is inside the patient. Various procedures can be performed in this case such as mitral valve replacement or repair, correction of HOCM etc. Use of Robotic Surgery in Cardiology has benefits as it involves less pain, scarring and risk that are otherwise involved. The surgeon can perform surgery through tiny openings in the chest, cracking the breastbone and spreading the ribs.

Heart Valve Replacement

When valve repair shall not be of help, replacing your damaged heart valve may be the most effective treatment for your condition. Also known as Heart Valve Replacement, Aortic Valve Replacement, is a cardiac surgery procedure in which the damaged heart valve is replaced with a new valve. This valve can be a tissue valve taken from some other body, or may be of animal or an artificial or prosthetic valve. Heart valve repair or replacement can be done for one single valve or more than one depending upon the condition of your valves.

Types of Heart Valve Replacement
Open-heart valve replacement surgery

It is a surgical procedure wherein the patient’s heart is exposed in the operation theatre and surgery is performed on the internal structures of the heart. During the surgery, the patient is placed on a heart-lung machine that allows blood to flow through the heart while the surgery is being performed.

Minimally Invasive Heart Surgery

Minimally Invasive Heart Surgery, also known as Keyhole surgery, is performed by making small incisions of about 3 to 4 inches in the heart muscle, through specialized surgical instruments. In most cases, minimally invasive heart surgery focuses on Mitral valve repair, Aortic valve repair and Tricuspid valve repair.

Valvuloplasty

It is a technique wherein the stiff aortic valves are treated with the help of a balloon catheter. The balloon is positioned in the aortic valve and subsequently inflated to expand the size of the valve, leading to improved blood flow.

Double and Triple Valve repair and replacement in India

Double valve repair and replacement procedure aims at correcting or replacing both these damaged valves (aortic & mitral together) with new functional valves. This is done through the open heart surgery. Triple valve replacement repair and replacement means repair or replacement of three valves of the heart.

Benefits of Heart Valve Replacement Surgery
at World’s Best Hospitals in India

The most advanced technology for minimally invasive heart surgery is now available in India. Robotic da Vinci Surgical System combines superior 3D visualization along with greatly enhanced dexterity, precision and control in an intuitive, ergonomic interface with breakthrough surgical capabilities.In Robotic Cardiac Surgery, robotic assist the heart surgeon in performing surgery through tiny incisions. The surgeon has to sit in an operating room where he controls the instruments while looking at 3D images from the camera which is inside the patient. Various procedures can be performed in this case such as mitral valve replacement or repair, correction of HOCM etc. Use of Robotic Surgery in Cardiology has benefits as it involves less pain, scarring and risk that are otherwise involved. The surgeon can perform surgery through tiny openings in the chest, cracking the breastbone and spreading the ribs.

Pacemaker

Heart rhythm disorder is a serious medical condition and could lead to problems ranging from simple palpitations to sudden death. But the modern Electrophysiology has provided great solution to the patients suffering from heart rhythm problems. The newer techniques and developments in Electrophysiology have enhanced the quality of life in these patients to a great extent. Heart hospitals in India have now the best electrophysiology teams to offer the best treatment for patients with heart rhythm disorders.

What is a Pacemaker?

A pacemaker is an electrical device that is used to regulate and normalise the rhythm at which the heart works. The rate at which the heart works and the rhythm at which it works are triggered by electrical impulses generated from within the heart. Abnormalities in these electrical impulses result in arrhythmia, where the heart rhythms are too slow, too fast or irregular.

A pacemaker has two components to it: the electric leads which are connected to the heart and a pulse generator/computer which detects abnormality in the heart’s rhythm and delivers an electrical impulse to the heart to normalise the rhythm.

Different types of Pacemakers
Permanent (internal) Heart Pacemaker

This kind of Heart Pacemaker is implanted in a small pocket under your skin and is meant to be left in there for the rest of your life.

Temporary (external) Heart Pacemaker

This is used for initial stabilization of the patient during a cardiac crisis.

Demand Heart Pacemaker

This kind of Heart PacThis kind of Heart Pacemaker has an inbuilt sensing device which senses when the heart beat is too slow and turns the signal on. Once the heart beat is above a certain level, it automatically turns the signal off.

Single Chamber Heart Pacemaker

This kind of device has one lead to carry signals to and from one chamber of your heart, either the right atrium or, more commonly, the right ventricle.

Dual Chamber Heart Pacemaker

This kind of Heart Pacemaker has 2 leads and can monitor and deliver impulses to either or both of the heart chambers.

Adaptive

Rate Heart Pacemaker or Rate-responsive Heart Pacemaker – This kind of Heart Pacemaker automatically increases the pacing rate to meet the body’s changing need.


Medical conditions when a Pacemaker is Needed

  • BradycardiaAtrial fibrillation
  • Heart Block
  • Heart muscles problems
  • Aging or heart disease damages

The pacemaker is implanted, normally in the upper chest, as part of a surgical procedure performed under local anaesthesia. The electrophysiologist / cardiologist assisted by fluoroscopy imaging, implants the leads at the designated locations within the heart, by threading them through veins leading to the heart. The other end of the leads is connected to the pulse generator unit which is implanted in the chest region. This procedure will take upwards of one hour and can sometimes take several hours.

Once the leads are attached to the heart as well as the pacemaker, the cardiologist would test the device to make sure that electrical impulses are flowing from the pacemaker to the heart and that the heart rate and rhythm are being read accurately by the pacemaker.

Pediatric Cardiac Surgery

Paediatric Heart Surgery in India with the Best Paediatric Heart surgeons in India is what you would want if your little one is suffering from any heart ailment. MedWorld India affiliate Paediatric heart surgeons in India are among the top paediatric heart specialists and offer best in paediatric heart care. Affordable Pediatric Heart Surgery in India at Best Cardiac Hospitals with Top Pediatric Cardiac Surgeons in India with MedWorld India.

Sometimes heart surgery in children is required for repairing defects in the heart which a child might have born with (known as congenital heart defects) and heart diseases which he gets after birth, which require surgery. Pediatric Cardiac Surgery deals with operative procedures in the newborn and unborn children and youngsters suffering from cardiac dysfunctions, structural, functional and rhythm-related issues of the heart also.

Pediatric Cardiac Surgery often deals with heart problems in children, the cause of congenital heart diseases which are common heart ailments among new born children and involves deficiencies like structural defects, congenital arrythmias and cardiomyopathies, which result in different kinds of abnormalities related to the heart. Congenital heart disease is a cause of improper growth of the heart or blood vessels before birth.

Major Types of Cardiac Defects in Children
ASD- Atrial Septal Defect ASD

An atrial septal defect (ASD) — sometimes referred to as a hole in the heart — is a type of congenital heart defect in which there is an abnormal opening in the dividing wall between the upper filling chambers of the heart (the atria). In most cases ASDs are diagnosed and treated successfully with few or no complications. When an atrial septal defect is present, blood flows through the hole primarily from the left atrium to the right atrium.

This shunting increases the blood volume in the right atrium which means more blood flows through the lungs than would normally. If left untreated, atrial septal defect may cause problems in adulthood. These problems may include pulmonary hypertension (which is high blood pressure in the lungs), congestive heart failure(weakening of the heart muscle), atrial arrhythmias (which are abnormal rhythms or beating of the heart) and an increased risk of stroke.

Ventricular Septal Defect

VSD have a hole in the wall of their heart between their right ventricle and left ventricle (the two lower chambers, where the blood leaves the heart). Normally, blood cannot pass between the ventricles. But when there is a hole between the sides of the heart, some oxygen-rich blood leaks from the left ventricle into the right ventricle and goes back to the lungs. The hole may be small and cause no symptoms, or it may be large and cause serious problems with blood flow. If the hole is large, too much blood will be pumped to the lungs, leading to congestive heart failure. Also, the heart will have to work harder to pump blood to the body. As a result of the extra work, the heart can get bigger.

Fallot’s Tetralogy

Fallot was a doctor who spotted this particular type of heart defect. Tetralogy means fourfold – there are four defects found together. These four problems are: 1. Pulmonary stenosis – Pulmonary means ‘of the lungs’. Stenosis means narrowing. Pulmonary stenosis is a narrowing at or below the pulmonary valve. 2. Ventricular septal defect -Ventricular means ‘of the ventricles’ – the wall between the right and left sides of the heart . 3. Over-riding aorta -The entrance to the aorta, which should only take red (oxygenated) blood around the body, lies over the VSD, allowing the right ventricle to pump some blue blood directly into it. 4. Right ventricular hypertrophy -The right ventricle becomes thickened as it forces blood into the narrowed pulmonary artery.


Double Valve Repair and Replacement

Valves are openings between two chambers and also between a chamber and artery which allows unidirectional flow of blood. The patency of these valves is very important for normal flow of blood. The function of mitral valve (between left atrium and left ventricle) and the aortic valve (between left ventricle and aorta) is very important.

If these valves get narrowed, the amount of blood passing from left atrium to left ventricle (mitral valve) or from left ventricle to aorta (aortic valve) is drastically reduced. In this case the heart will pump blood harder to push it through the narrowed valves. But the blood will tend to go upwards back into the pulmonary vein and finally to the lungs.


Why is the Procedure required?

If the following warning signs are found in children, it indicates that a surgery is required

  • Blue or gray skin, nail beds and lips. These symptoms indicate that there is not enough oxygen in the blood (hypoxia).
  • If the child has difficulty in breathing because the lungs are “wet,” congested, or filled with fluid (heart failure).
  • If there exists problems in heart rhythm (arrhythmias) or heart rate.
  • AIf there is lack of growth and development of a child. And the child is not able to sleep and eat properly.

How is the surgery performed

Following are the different techniques used for fixing congenital defects of the heart in children

  • Open heart surgery : It is done under general anesthesia. Firstly an incision is made through the breastbone. Then some tubes are used to re-route the blood through a special pump called a heart-lung bypass machine. This machine keeps the blood warm and adds oxygen to the blood and it keeps on moving through the rest of the body while the surgeon is repairing the heart. Once the procedure is done, the machine is removed, and the heart is started and the breastbone and the skin incisions are closed.
  • Thoracotomy : This Procedure is used for some type of heart defect repairs, wherein the incision is made on the side of the chest, between the ribs. It is also called a closed-heart surgery. This surgery is done with the help of special instruments and a camera.
  • In one kind of procedure a few small tubes are inserted into an artery in the leg and pass them up to the heart. Only some heart defects can be repaired in this fashion.
Robotic Heart Surgery

Robotic Heart Surgery are now widely used to provide patients with less pain and faster recovery time. Limitations in surgical equipment have prohibited their use during heart bypass surgery — until now.

The advancement of computerized robotic technology is one of the most exciting breakthroughs in surgery to date, enabling surgeons to perform complete, bypass surgery less invasively. Penn Cardiac Care at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania is proud to be the only hospital in Philadelphia and one of only 12 in the nation invited to participate in a study to determine the effectiveness of this revolutionary procedure.

Robotic Heart Surgery in India is the latest and most advanced technique in the world to perform heart surgery with greatest precision Robot Assisted Heart Procedures are done to treat a variety of conditions:

  • Mitral valve repair—surgery to repair problems with the valve between the upper and lower chambers on the left side of the heart
  • Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)—surgery that creates a path around blocked heart vessels so that blood can reach the heart muscle. The bypass is done using blood vessels from other parts of the body

Da Vinci Robotic System

Only da Vinci overcomes the limitations of both traditional open surgery and conventional minimally invasive surgery. The da Vinci System is a sophisticated robotic platform designed to expand the surgeon’s capabilities – and for the first time – offer a minimally invasive option for major surgery.

With da Vinci, small incisions are used to introduce miniaturized wristed instruments and a high-definition 3D camera. Seated comfortably at the da Vinci console, your surgeon views a magnified, high-resolution 3D image of the surgical site. At the same time, state-of-the-art robotic and computer technologies scale, filter and seamlessly translate your surgeon’s hand movements into precise micro-movements of the da Vinci instruments.

The System cannot be programmed, nor can it make decisions on its own. Rather, the da Vinci System requires that every surgical maneuver be performed with direct input from your surgeon.

Heart Surgery procedures where Robotic Heart Surgery can be used

Robot Assisted Mitral Valve Repair may be used to treat

  • Blockages in the heart’s arteries
  • Severe chest pain ( angina ) that has not improved with medicines

Robot-assisted Atrial Septal defect repair may be used to treat a hole between the upper chambers of the heart that does not close properly during foetal development.

Robot-assisted Biventricular Pacemaker lead placement may be used to treat heart failure due to Atrial Fibrillation (irregular heart rhythm in the upper chambers of the heart)


What are the advantages of robotic heart surgery?

The chief advantage of such surgery is that the incisions that are made are tiny, and therefore recovery from surgery is extremely quick. Rapid recovery from cardiac surgery is not only better for the patient, but it is less expensive for society.